Cisco Packet Tracer Kelas XI

Cisco Packet Tracer — Kelas XI TKJ

Panduan lengkap untuk menggunakan Cisco Packet Tracer dalam simulasi dan konfigurasi jaringan komputer.

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1. Instalasi Packet Tracer

Download:

1. Daftar akun di Cisco Networking Academy
2. Login ke NetAcad
3. Pergi ke Resources → Download Packet Tracer
4. Pilih versi untuk OS (Windows/Linux/Mac)

Instalasi Windows:

1. Download file .exe dari NetAcad
2. Double-click installer
3. Ikuti wizard instalasi
4. Saat pertama buka → login dengan akun NetAcad

Instalasi Linux (Ubuntu/Debian):

# Install dependencies
sudo apt install -y libqt5webkit5 libqt5multimediawidgets5

# Install .deb file
sudo dpkg -i CiscoPacketTracer_*.deb

# Jalankan
PacketTracer

Antarmuka Packet Tracer:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Menu Bar (File, Edit, Options, View, Extensions)     │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                       │
│           Area Kerja (Workspace)                      │
│                                                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Panel Perangkat (Device Panel)                        │
│ [Router][Switch][Hub][Wireless][End Device][WAN]     │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Logical/Physical | Realtime/Simulation                │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

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2. Konfigurasi Switch Dasar

Topologi Sederhana:

PC1 ──── [Switch] ──── PC2
              |
             PC3

Langkah Konfigurasi Switch:

Klik switch → CLI → Enter

Switch> enable
Switch# configure terminal
Switch(config)#

Set Hostname:

Switch(config)# hostname SW-TKJ-01
SW-TKJ-01(config)#

Set Password Konsol:

SW-TKJ-01(config)# line console 0
SW-TKJ-01(config-line)# password cisco123
SW-TKJ-01(config-line)# login
SW-TKJ-01(config-line)# exit

Set Password Enable (Privileged):

SW-TKJ-01(config)# enable password cisco123
# atau lebih aman (terenkripsi):
SW-TKJ-01(config)# enable secret Cisco@2026

Set Password VTY (Telnet/SSH):

SW-TKJ-01(config)# line vty 0 15
SW-TKJ-01(config-line)# password cisco123
SW-TKJ-01(config-line)# login
SW-TKJ-01(config-line)# exit

Enkripsi Semua Password:

SW-TKJ-01(config)# service password-encryption

Set IP Management Switch:

SW-TKJ-01(config)# interface vlan 1
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# no shutdown
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# exit
SW-TKJ-01(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.1.1

VLAN Configuration:

# Buat VLAN
SW-TKJ-01(config)# vlan 10
SW-TKJ-01(config-vlan)# name GURU
SW-TKJ-01(config-vlan)# exit

SW-TKJ-01(config)# vlan 20
SW-TKJ-01(config-vlan)# name SISWA
SW-TKJ-01(config-vlan)# exit

# Assign port ke VLAN (access mode)
SW-TKJ-01(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/1
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# exit

SW-TKJ-01(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/2
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# switchport access vlan 20
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# exit

# Set trunk port (ke router atau switch lain)
SW-TKJ-01(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW-TKJ-01(config-if)# exit

# Lihat VLAN
SW-TKJ-01# show vlan brief

Simpan Konfigurasi:

SW-TKJ-01# write memory
# atau
SW-TKJ-01# copy running-config startup-config

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3. Konfigurasi Router Dasar

Topologi:

[PC-LAN] ──── [Router] ──── [PC-WAN / Cloud Internet]

Masuk ke Router CLI:

Router> enable
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#

Set Hostname:

Router(config)# hostname R-TKJ-01
R-TKJ-01(config)#

Konfigurasi Interface:

# Interface ke LAN (GigabitEthernet 0/0)
R-TKJ-01(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# no shutdown
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# description LAN Interface
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# exit

# Interface ke WAN (GigabitEthernet 0/1)
R-TKJ-01(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# no shutdown
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# description WAN Interface
R-TKJ-01(config-if)# exit

Set Password:

R-TKJ-01(config)# enable secret Cisco@2026
R-TKJ-01(config)# line console 0
R-TKJ-01(config-line)# password cisco123
R-TKJ-01(config-line)# login
R-TKJ-01(config-line)# exit
R-TKJ-01(config)# service password-encryption

Cek Konfigurasi:

# Lihat semua interface dan status
R-TKJ-01# show ip interface brief

# Lihat routing table
R-TKJ-01# show ip route

# Lihat konfigurasi berjalan
R-TKJ-01# show running-config

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4. Static Routing Antar Jaringan

Topologi:

[LAN-A: 192.168.1.0/24]                [LAN-B: 192.168.2.0/24]
PC-A ── [R-A] ──────── serial link ──────── [R-B] ── PC-B
         .1    10.0.0.1 --- 10.0.0.2    .1

Konfigurasi Router A:

R-A(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
R-A(config-if)# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R-A(config-if)# no shutdown
R-A(config-if)# exit

R-A(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R-A(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252
R-A(config-if)# no shutdown
R-A(config-if)# exit

# Static route ke LAN-B via Router B
R-A(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2

# Default route ke internet (jika ada)
R-A(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.2

Konfigurasi Router B:

R-B(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
R-B(config-if)# ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R-B(config-if)# no shutdown
R-B(config-if)# exit

R-B(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
R-B(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.252
R-B(config-if)# no shutdown
R-B(config-if)# exit

# Static route ke LAN-A via Router A
R-B(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1

Verifikasi:

# Cek routing table
R-A# show ip route

# Ping ke LAN B dari Router A
R-A# ping 192.168.2.1

# Ping ke LAN B dari PC-A
# (Gunakan fitur ping di PC simulator Packet Tracer)

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5. Inter-VLAN Routing

Inter-VLAN routing memungkinkan traffic antara VLAN yang berbeda lewat router.

Topologi Router-on-a-Stick:

VLAN 10 (Guru: 192.168.10.0/24)     VLAN 20 (Siswa: 192.168.20.0/24)
  PC-Guru ──┐                            ┌── PC-Siswa
            └──── [SW-AKSES] ────── [R-ROUTER]

Konfigurasi Switch (Trunk ke Router):

SW(config)# vlan 10
SW(config-vlan)# name GURU
SW(config-vlan)# exit

SW(config)# vlan 20
SW(config-vlan)# name SISWA
SW(config-vlan)# exit

# Access port untuk PC-Guru
SW(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/1
SW(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10
SW(config-if)# exit

# Access port untuk PC-Siswa
SW(config)# interface fastEthernet 0/2
SW(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW(config-if)# switchport access vlan 20
SW(config-if)# exit

# Trunk port ke Router
SW(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/1
SW(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW(config-if)# exit

Konfigurasi Router (Sub-interface):

# Interface fisik harus no shutdown
R(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
R(config-if)# no shutdown
R(config-if)# exit

# Sub-interface untuk VLAN 10
R(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/0.10
R(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1Q 10
R(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
R(config-subif)# exit

# Sub-interface untuk VLAN 20
R(config)# interface gigabitEthernet 0/0.20
R(config-subif)# encapsulation dot1Q 20
R(config-subif)# ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
R(config-subif)# exit

Konfigurasi PC (default gateway):

• PC-Guru: IP 192.168.10.10, Gateway 192.168.10.1
• PC-Siswa: IP 192.168.20.10, Gateway 192.168.20.1

Verifikasi Inter-VLAN:

# Dari PC-Guru ping ke PC-Siswa
ping 192.168.20.10  → seharusnya berhasil

# Dari Router
R# show ip route
R# show ip interface brief

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6. Tips & Shortcuts Packet Tracer

Keyboard Shortcuts:

Shortcut	Fungsi
Ctrl+Z	Undo
Del	Hapus perangkat/kabel
Alt+drag	Drag area kerja
Ctrl+S	Simpan topologi
Space	Pause simulation

Mode Simulasi:

1. Klik Simulation (kanan bawah)
2. Klik Edit Filters → pilih protokol yang mau dipantau (ICMP, ARP, dll)
3. Gunakan Play atau Next Step untuk lihat aliran paket

Jenis Kabel:

Kabel	Digunakan untuk
Straight-through	PC ke Switch, Switch ke Router
Crossover	PC ke PC langsung, Switch ke Switch
Serial DTE/DCE	Router ke Router (WAN)
Console	PC ke Switch/Router (konfigurasi)

Tip: Gunakan Automatically Choose Connection Type agar Packet Tracer otomatis pilih kabel yang benar.

Perintah Cisco IOS yang Sering Dipakai:

? → bantuan konteks
Tab → autocomplete
Ctrl+C → batalkan perintah
Ctrl+Z → keluar ke privileged mode
no <perintah> → hapus/batalkan konfigurasi
show running-config → lihat config aktif
show startup-config → lihat config tersimpan
show ip interface brief → ringkasan interface
show ip route → routing table
show vlan brief → daftar VLAN
ping <ip> → test konektivitas
traceroute <ip> → traceroute